work (physics)

Work is the energy transferred to or from an object via application of force along a displacement. It is measured in joule (SI unit for energy).

When the force is a constant, we have

where

• here is the displacement vector
• is the angle between the force and the displacement

If the force is variable, then work is given by the line integral:

where

• and become functions of time
• is the path of movement
• is the time
• is the velocity