A universal Turing machine is a Turing machine that can simulate all Turing machines.

More formally, for any Turing machine and input , a universal Turing machine :

  • accepts if accepts
  • rejects if rejects
  • does not halt on if does not halt on Note: rejects input strings not of the form

The language of is

Why This Matters

The discovery of the universal Turing machine means that a general-purpose, programmable computing machine exists and we don’t need specialized machines for all computations.

The universal Turing machine is also a stepping stone to find unsolvable problems.

See Also

  • Church-Turing thesis: the univesal machine is a justification for the Church-Turing thesis in the sense that powerful models of computation can simulate one another