We can linearly combine two sine waves of the same frequency (but arbitrary phase) to form a sine wave of the that frequency. This property is unique among periodic waves. 1

adding two sine waves of the same frequency 2

The geometric intuition is that summing of two sine waves of the same frequency is the same as summing two vectors rotating at the same speed:

sum of sign wave at the same frequency.png

3

More formally:

where

We can prove the above with trig identities or complex numbers. 4

Footnotes

  1. Sine wave - Wikipedia

  2. Phase, Delay, and Mixing - Principles of Sound and Synthesis - New Systems Instruments

  3. trigonometry - Why does combining sinusoidal functions with the same frequency produce another sinusoidal function? - Mathematics Stack Exchange

  4. Sum of same-frequency sinusoids - Eli Bendersky’s website