Retrieval practice is the strategy of pulling information from our own mind without looking up source materials. It is based to the testing effect, which suggests long-term memory is increased when part of the learning period is devoted to retrieving information from memory.
Flashcards, recalling, and testing are a popular method of retrieval practice.
Both success and failure to retrieve information are helpful since both calibrate our confidence in our perception of understanding. 1
Retrieval practice is different from typical school tests because its purpose is to produce learning rather than to assess it. 2